The atmosphere consists of 4 different layers amongst earths surface known as the troposhere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. This is all layers in which protect the earth from strong sun rays. the earth is underneath the troposphere. Aircrafts fly through the stratosphere. The ozone layer is between the stratosphere and the mesosphere. And finally, the satalites and space stations are located in the termosphere. All of these layers are 150 miles away from earths surface. Along with protecting the earth from sun rays, it also protects the earth from hot temperatures.
Oxygen is what formed these layers in order to protect earths surface. The atmsphere is filled with many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and argon. Water vapor is the gas that fills te earth with clouds and parcipitation. Carbon Dioxid supplies us with the earths warmth and supplies plants with a gas that is able to help them make food. The atmophers is also known for traces of neon, helium, methane, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, and ozone.
The troposphere extends 10 km from earth surface and is 99% water vapor, 75% atmospheric gases.
It is thefirst layer above the earths surface. This is where weather occurs, the temperature cools 6.5 degrees per km of altitude.
The stratosphere is above the tropospherre, it extends 10 km and it is 50 km about earths surface. This layer has a high gas level of what is known as ozone. This is the layer in which jet aircrafts fly and the ozone has harmful rays from the sun.
The mesosphere is 85 km. above earths surface. This layer is the coldest. Meteors and rocks burn here. The mesosphere has a layer of charged particles and radio signals are from here.
The thermosphere is the thickest layer. it is 85km and 500km above earths surface. Aoras is known for high temperatures. This layers warm out the xrays and gamma rays from the sun. Ionosphere is here, which it carries radio waves.
Monday, September 30, 2013
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Sunday, August 25, 2013
What is the Big Bang Theory/Inflation Theory
The Big Bang theory is the theory in which astronomers believe the universe has expanded from an initial point for over a billion years. In 1912 Vesto Slipher recorded the observation of a spiral nebula and recorded the red shift. What he recorded was that the nebula kept moving away from the earth. In 1924 Edwin Hubble recorded that the nebula was not a part of the milky way. In 1927 priest Georges Lemaitre calculated and made the assumption that the earth is expanding because the distance of the galaxies kept growing bigger and bigger. They have found a light between the distance of the galaxies and the red shift.They believe the universe will officially reach a maximum density and temperature. George Gamow predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation which was the radiation that existed during the Big Bang. During the recombination era, they allowed microwave radiation to travel through the universe. It could still be observed today.In the 1960's and 1970's many astronomers tried to deny the big bang theory. In 1980 Alan Buth formed the inflation theory. The Inflation Theory was a theory in which they say the earth was expanding because of a negative-pressure vacuum energy. In 2001 the NASA Program gave evidence in which to back up the Inflation Theory.
How the Big Crunch Theory Works
Evidence for the Big Bang
If the Big Bang theory was correct, we should be able to detect why the expanding happened. The started by using the spectra to shine light through in order to tell which was the lights would shine through the spectrum. When the Doppler effect is used we need to detect which was the pitch decreases or increases. If the galaxies were rushing toward each other, the light waves being created would move together, and the colors of the chest would switch to the blue end of the spectrum. Hubble's law says are always moving away from us with a velocity as the distance away from our earth. When will the expansions stop?
The Big Bang
The Big Bang is the stretching of the universe in which it is created to keep stretching the earth. Everything that was inside the Big Bang has become known as singularity. Singularity is a small region that holds all the matter and energy inside of the universe. Astronomers don't know what is causing he expansion but are destined to find out. When the universe expanded, it began cooling and becoming less dense. Everything in the singularity expanded into a seething. Astronomers are now seeing the universe as a bowl of soup. When the universe stretched some protogalaxies began to come to the picture as they started to form. Protogalaxy is a galaxy mad of a gas mass. The dust from the galaxies created billions of stars. And 11 billion years later the Big Bang was started and change the universe forever.
Beyond the Big Bang
Astronomers are thinking of the universe being open, and say that the earth can be open rather its flat or closed. An Open Universe means it will continue to expand forever. They are relating the universe to a coffin, the galaxies with become filled with dust and dead stars. If the universe is open, everything inside will become lifeless. If the universe if flat, they are imagining it as it it were a marble. The marble rolls but builds up enough friction to slowly coast to a gentle stop. If the universe is closed, they are relating it to you jumping off a bridge attached to a bungee cord. When you jump the cord always stretches as soon as you reach the maximum acceleration. Eventually the cord slows you and you reach a complete stop, and you are yanked toward the bridge when your cord stretches to the limit. The universe will become great in hotter temperature and more dense.
This all lead the universe to the Big Crunch. The Crunch Theory is when astronomers test to figure out if the universe has a hot temperature and creates a better density as it continues to stretch.
If the Big Bang theory was correct, we should be able to detect why the expanding happened. The started by using the spectra to shine light through in order to tell which was the lights would shine through the spectrum. When the Doppler effect is used we need to detect which was the pitch decreases or increases. If the galaxies were rushing toward each other, the light waves being created would move together, and the colors of the chest would switch to the blue end of the spectrum. Hubble's law says are always moving away from us with a velocity as the distance away from our earth. When will the expansions stop?
The Big Bang
The Big Bang is the stretching of the universe in which it is created to keep stretching the earth. Everything that was inside the Big Bang has become known as singularity. Singularity is a small region that holds all the matter and energy inside of the universe. Astronomers don't know what is causing he expansion but are destined to find out. When the universe expanded, it began cooling and becoming less dense. Everything in the singularity expanded into a seething. Astronomers are now seeing the universe as a bowl of soup. When the universe stretched some protogalaxies began to come to the picture as they started to form. Protogalaxy is a galaxy mad of a gas mass. The dust from the galaxies created billions of stars. And 11 billion years later the Big Bang was started and change the universe forever.
Beyond the Big Bang
Astronomers are thinking of the universe being open, and say that the earth can be open rather its flat or closed. An Open Universe means it will continue to expand forever. They are relating the universe to a coffin, the galaxies with become filled with dust and dead stars. If the universe is open, everything inside will become lifeless. If the universe if flat, they are imagining it as it it were a marble. The marble rolls but builds up enough friction to slowly coast to a gentle stop. If the universe is closed, they are relating it to you jumping off a bridge attached to a bungee cord. When you jump the cord always stretches as soon as you reach the maximum acceleration. Eventually the cord slows you and you reach a complete stop, and you are yanked toward the bridge when your cord stretches to the limit. The universe will become great in hotter temperature and more dense.
This all lead the universe to the Big Crunch. The Crunch Theory is when astronomers test to figure out if the universe has a hot temperature and creates a better density as it continues to stretch.
Wednesday, August 21, 2013
Big Bang or Steady State?
In the 1930's cosmology was at its finest but during the war the need for cosmology decreased. George Lemaitre says when the cosmic egg exploded, that the universe was created. George Gamow believes that the earth is at a very high temperature because of the explosion and that many new chemicals could have been created in the process. When the universe begins in the cooling state is it able to change to where it has infinite density and temperature. He was the first to use a digital computer in order to keep track and calculate his calculations. He was perspicacious to find out his calculations were increased because of the heat dense of the stretching earth. He states that the heat is caused from the hydrogen and helium stretching in the expanding universe. A quarter of helium and the rest was produced with hydrogen. His theory was not wrong it was just incomplete because scientist found out the heavy elements formed the heat during the hot origin of the universe.
Fred Hoyle found the mistakes of Gamow. Although he believes that the universe has always looked the same ever since the beginning. Hoyle and his two partners Hermann Bondi and Tommy Gold, they worked together during World War II. Hoyle was undisciplined, Bondi had the best mathematical skills, and Gold had a physical imagination for new perceptions. They seem to think that the not changing and it is necessarily static. It didn't take them long to find the answer because matter was being created continually throughout the experiment.
The main reason of the Big Bang Theory was to find out what created the big explosion. The universe is constantly changing density and matter while it stretches to become a bigger universe. The solar system has been forming for only a few billion years. They insisted on the theory being deduced from axiom to no where in either space or time. The two steady state theories had enough evidence to cover the questions on the big bang.
Fred Hoyle found the mistakes of Gamow. Although he believes that the universe has always looked the same ever since the beginning. Hoyle and his two partners Hermann Bondi and Tommy Gold, they worked together during World War II. Hoyle was undisciplined, Bondi had the best mathematical skills, and Gold had a physical imagination for new perceptions. They seem to think that the not changing and it is necessarily static. It didn't take them long to find the answer because matter was being created continually throughout the experiment.
The main reason of the Big Bang Theory was to find out what created the big explosion. The universe is constantly changing density and matter while it stretches to become a bigger universe. The solar system has been forming for only a few billion years. They insisted on the theory being deduced from axiom to no where in either space or time. The two steady state theories had enough evidence to cover the questions on the big bang.
Friday, August 16, 2013
A Brief Introduction to the Ekpyrotic Universe
The Ekpyrotic Universe is a model in which shows the origin and the shape of the universe. Many people of the United States believe that at one time the universe was at a beginning starting point that was very little and when it went into an explosion, it sent flying particles of the universe everywhere in which they think are still moving. the big bang isn't an explosion though, it is when the universe became of existence, and the Ekpryrotic proposal will be the way in which scientists think they will figure out why it happened.
This is where the 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional worlds collide to create kinetic energy. Because of the collision of the big bang the universe in homogeneous. Magnetic mono-poles need to be produced after the explosion because of the temperature is too small to make particles to detect what the big bang theory actually was. After the collision, it rips into small forms of lower temperatures that functions microwaves and forming of galaxies.
when dealing with the building blocks of the Ekpyrotic forms, it is best to use 10 dimensional figures because the higher the amount of the dimensions opens the finite interval which was created by Pert Horava and Ed Witten. Andre Lkas created the 5 dimensional figure.
The visual universe is a boundary because particles and light are not able to travel through. Initial fire is in our current universe. Scientists say they need more time for promulgating ideas, introduce more elements, and allow fellow theorist more time to criticize and give judgement toward their accusations.
This is where the 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional worlds collide to create kinetic energy. Because of the collision of the big bang the universe in homogeneous. Magnetic mono-poles need to be produced after the explosion because of the temperature is too small to make particles to detect what the big bang theory actually was. After the collision, it rips into small forms of lower temperatures that functions microwaves and forming of galaxies.
when dealing with the building blocks of the Ekpyrotic forms, it is best to use 10 dimensional figures because the higher the amount of the dimensions opens the finite interval which was created by Pert Horava and Ed Witten. Andre Lkas created the 5 dimensional figure.
The visual universe is a boundary because particles and light are not able to travel through. Initial fire is in our current universe. Scientists say they need more time for promulgating ideas, introduce more elements, and allow fellow theorist more time to criticize and give judgement toward their accusations.
Thursday, August 15, 2013
Big Twang Theory
Cosmologists are is someone who studies the universe as a phenomena in time and space The Big Bang theory is known to many as an explosion in which heats up and creates gravitational waves. The Big Twang theory is supposedly an alternative theory that shows the structures of the ultimate fate for the universe.
The Big Bang theory was born in an explosion that formed waves after the action. The Big Bang shows that the universe will eventually die which will be known as the Big Crunch.
Scientist want to be able to study to figure out how the earth was actually born and to map the wave patterns of the Big Bang Theory in different ways. Albert Einstein was the first to locate the gravitational waves and says that they warp time and space.
By using the String Theory, we are able to wound these particles into many dimensions. They will form vibrating loops that sent waves to ripple through the cosmos.
Resonances can be detected by the waves sent through the cosmos by the String Theory. The String Theory they think will explain light that comes as particles through the waves during the observation. Poets and Astronomers are calling the waves from this theory Music of the Spheres. They relate the birth of the universe by plucking a hair from your eyebrow or when just pulling a string from a torn shirt.
All of the observations they performed was all known as the Big Twang Theory as a closing discussion.
The Big Bang theory was born in an explosion that formed waves after the action. The Big Bang shows that the universe will eventually die which will be known as the Big Crunch.
Scientist want to be able to study to figure out how the earth was actually born and to map the wave patterns of the Big Bang Theory in different ways. Albert Einstein was the first to locate the gravitational waves and says that they warp time and space.
By using the String Theory, we are able to wound these particles into many dimensions. They will form vibrating loops that sent waves to ripple through the cosmos.
Resonances can be detected by the waves sent through the cosmos by the String Theory. The String Theory they think will explain light that comes as particles through the waves during the observation. Poets and Astronomers are calling the waves from this theory Music of the Spheres. They relate the birth of the universe by plucking a hair from your eyebrow or when just pulling a string from a torn shirt.
All of the observations they performed was all known as the Big Twang Theory as a closing discussion.
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